Cryocoolers 21 Table of Contents

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Aerospace Applications

1 Overview of European Space Cryogenic Missions and Developments in 2020 (and Beyond)

T. Tirolien, M. Linder, and M. Branco, ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

15 Thermal Design of the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT)

J.S. Cha, O. Deng, D.L. Johnson, and L.D. Fonseca. B. Briggs, I.M. McKinley, W. Chen, C.D. Hummel, J. Keller, M.A. Mok, J. Cepeda-Rizo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA; D.G. Gilmore, The Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA

23 Enabling Ambitious Space Science Missions Thanks to 10K-20K Cryocooling

P. Barbier, S. Carpentier, J. Butterworth, Air Liquide, France; S. Martin, I. Charles, J.M. Duval, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France; F. Fontani, W. Errico, C. Bartolo, Sitael, Italy; J. Mullié, T. Rijks, Thales, The Netherlands, M. Branco, M. Linder, ESA, The Netherlands

29 Integration of a Tactical Cryocooler for 6U CubeSat Hyperspectral Thermal Imager

C.S. Kirkconnell, West Coast Solutions; M.A. Nunes, Hawaii Space Flight Laboratory, HA; I. Ruehlich, AIM Infrarot-Module, Germany; M.V. Zagarola, Creare, Hanover, NH; S.B. Rafol, JPL, Pasadena, CA

41 Lifetime Verification and Applications of the 1K-Class Joule-Thomson Cooler for Space Science Missions

K. Shinozaki, Y. Sato, K.Tanaka and H. Sugita, JAXA/R&D, Japan; N.Y. Yamasaki and T. Nakagawa, JAXA/ISAS, Japan; K. Mitsuda, NAOJ, Japan; S. Tsunematsu, Sumimec Engineering, Japan; and K. Ootsuka, K. Kanao and K. Narasaki, SHI, Japan

49 Study for Continuity of SPICA Cryogenic System Cooling Operations by Adding Refrigerant Circulation

K. Narasaki, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd., Niihama, Ehime, Japan

Commercial and Laboratory Applications

57 Actualizing the Abstract – How the Cryo-Industry Takes Ideas and Provides Proven Technology for Diverse Applications

P. Banga, X. Hao, and T. Hanrahan, Cryomech, Inc., Syracuse, NY

67 Performance Analysis of Pulse Tube/3He Joule-Thomson Cryocooler for Thermometer Calibration

T. Shimazaki, Nat'l Metrology Inst. Japan, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan

77 Cryocooler Technology for Electron Particle Accelerators

G.E. Lawler, N. Majernik, A. Fukasawa, Y. Sakai, and J.B. Rosenzweig, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA

85 Storage Time and Venting Characteristics for Cryogenic Air Supplies on Cryocooler Shutdown

L. Yan, R.D. Fernando, D.S. Yantek, J.L. Carr, M.A. Reyes, C.R. DeGennaro, J.A. Yonkey, J.R. Srednicki, CDC/NIOSH, Pittsburgh, PA

97 Resiliency Analysis of Cryocoolers Based Large Scale Superconducting Distribution Networks of Electric Transport Systems

S. Telikapalli, P. Cheetham, C.H. Kim, S.V. Pamidi, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL

Cryocooler Integration Technologies

107 Space Cryogenic Circulator

D. Frank, A.D. Ruiz, M. Guzinski, E. Roth, V. Mistry, H. Yengoyan, J.R. Olson, Lockheed Martin Space, ATC, Palo Alto, CA

115 Cryocooler with Novel Circulator Providing Broad Area Cooling at 90K for Spaceflight Applications

M.B. Petach, L.A. Amouzegar, Northrop Grumman SS, Redondo Beach, CA

125 High Performance Thermal Straps for a Full Range of Application Temperatures

M. Ralphs, M. Sinfield, and M. Felt, Space Dynamics Lab, Logan, UT

PT Cooler Development & Testing

135 Characterization Testing of Space-Flight Lockheed Martin Micro1-2 Cryocooler for the Mapping Imaging Spectrometer for Europa

I.M. McKinley, M.A. Mok, J.I. Rodriguez, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA

143 LPT6510 Test Results up to TRL6

E. Jansen, R. Arts, J. Mullié, Thales Cryogenics B.V., The Netherlands; J. Tanchon, T. Trollier, Absolut System SAS, France

149 AIM Cryocoolers for Harsh Environments

M. Nussberger, I. Rühlich, M. Mai, C. Rosenhagen, T. Wiedmann and S. Zehner, AIM Infrarot-Module, Germany

157 A 598g Micro Pulse Tube Cryocooler

T. Feng, Q. Tang, M. Liang, N. Wang, Y. Xun, H. Chen, J. Liang, Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), Beiging, China

163 A Lightweight 6W/80K Pulse Tube Cryocooler

N. Wang, M. Zhao, H. Chen, J. Liang, J. Cai, Q. Zhu, M. Zheng, Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, China

169 24K Single-Stage Coaxial PulseTube Cryocooler without Double-Inlet Phase Shifter

N. Wang, M. Zhao, H. Chen, L. Wei, J. Liang, J. Cai, Key Lab of Tech. on Space Energy Conv., Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing, China

175 Large Pulse Tube Cooler with a Heat Interceptor

M.B.C. Branco, C. Buti, T. Tirolien, L. Desjonquères, M. Linder, European Space Agency, The Netherlands

185 Vibration Characteristics of 8K Level High Frequency Pulse Tube Cryocooler

H. Wei, Y. Xun, J. Quan, L. Wang, N. Wang , J. Cai, Key Lab of Space Energy Conv. Tech., Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing, China

Stirling Cooler Development & Testing

191 Affordable Cryocoolers for Commercial IR Imaging

A. Veprik, S. Zehctzer, A. Daniels, R. Refaeli and A.Wise, CryoTech Ltd, Israel

201 High-Availability Stirling Coolers

D. Willems, T. Benschop, R. Arts, B. de Veer, and P. Bollens, Thales Cryogenics BV, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

209 The Study on High Efficiency and Low Vibration Flexure Bearing Stirling Cryocooler

C. Yin, Y. Gao, H. Yan, F. Wang, X. Fan, Q. Hong, Inst. of Cryogenics and Electronics, Hefei, China

215 A Free-Piston Stirling Cooling Prototype for Ultra-Low Temperature Freezing

K.Q. Luo, Y.L. Sun, Z.J. Jiang, E.C. Luo, J.Y. Hu, L.M. Zhang, Z.H. Wu, Z.L. Jia, Y. Zhou, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

PT & Stirling Cryocooler Modeling

221 Effect of Aftercooler Configuration on the Performance of Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

Y. Yasukawa, Fuji Electric Co., Tokyo, Japan; and Y. Ueda, Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Tech., Tokyo, Japan

229 Research of a High Capacity Coaxial Pulse Tube Cryocooler Working at 170 K

L. Wei, N. Wang, M. Zhao, J. Liang, Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing China

235 Development of a Stirling Cryocooler Model that Includes a Full Simulation of the Appendix Gap

T. Rawlings, M. Crook, M. Hills, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, UK

245 Real and Reactive Flows in Regenerative Cryocoolers

V. Kotsubo, Univ of Colorado, Boulder, CO

255 Boundary Layer Losses in a Miniaturized Tapered Pulse Tube

A. Ghavami, S.M. Ghiaasiaan, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA; C. Kirkconnell, West Coast Solutions, Huntington Beach, CA

263 Thermal Losses in a Coaxial Pulse Tube Cryocooler

H. Rana, M.A. Abolghasemi, R. Stone, M. Dadd, P. Bailey, Univ. of Oxford, UK

Phase Shifter and Displacer Research

269 External Phase Shifting Tuning Mechanism in a Miniature Pulse Tube Cryocooler Using a Semi-Active Electromagnetic Damping System

Y. Greenberg, G. Grossman, Technion – Israel Inst. of Tech., Israel

279 An Exploration of a Micro-Cryocooler with a Warm-Displacer Phase Shifter

Z.M. Guo, Tongji Univ., Shanghai, China and Univ.of Wisconsin-Madison, WI; J.M. Pfotenhauer, F.K. Miller, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, WI

285 Detailed Analysis of a Coaxial Stirling Pulse Tube Cryocooler with an Active Displacer

M.A. Abolghasemi, H. Rana, R. Stone, M. Dadd, P. Bailey, Dept. of Engin. Science, Univ, of Oxford, Oxford, UK; K. Liang, Dept. of Engin. and Design, Univ. of Sussex, Brighton, UK

291 A Passive Displacer for a Stirling Pulse Tube Cryocooler

H. Rana, M.A. Abolghasemi, R. Stone, M. Dadd, P. Bailey, Dept. of Engin. Science, Univ. of Oxford, UK

297 Optimization of Phase Controller for Pulse Tube Cryocooler

D. Abraham and B.T Kuzhiveli, Centre for Adv. Studies in Cryogenics (CASC), Nat'l Inst. of Tech., Calicut, India

Regenerator Research

305 A Temperature Instability in 4 K Cryocooler Regenerators Caused by Real Fluid Properties

R. Snodgrass, NIST, Boulder, CO; V. Kotsubo, J. Ullom, and S. Backhaus, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO

315 Leveraging Real Fluid Effects as a Tool for Power Flow Measurements in 4 K Cryocooler Regenerators

R. Snodgrass, NIST, Boulder CO; V. Kotsubo, J. Ullom and S. Backhaus, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO

325 Development of a 2D/3D Computational Fluid Dynamic Code for Pore-Level Analysis of Cryocooler Regenerators

A. Ghavami, S.M. Ghiaasiaan, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA; C. Kirkconnell, West Coast Solutions, Huntington Beach, CA

Linear Compressor Development

337 High-Frequency, Steel-Flexure, Acoustic-to-Electric Transducer for Cryocoolers

T.W. Steiner, Etalim Inc., Vancouver BC, Canada

347 Enhancement of Linear Compressor Power and Performance Improvement of Pulse Tube Refrigerator

B. Kim, D. Kwon, S. Jeong, Korea Adv. Inst. of Science and Tech. (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea

355 Design of Resonating, Oil-Free Linear Compressors for Five-Stage Cascade System with New Refrigerants

V.A. Santosh, B.T. Kuzhiveli, Centre of Adv. Studies in Cryogenics, Nat'l Inst. of Tech., Calicut, India

Cryocooler Drive Electronics

365 Specifying Cryocooler Electronics for Space Based Missions

K.D Frohling, Iris Technology, Irvine, CA

371 Reduced-Size Cryocooler Electronics for Space

K.D Frohling, Iris Technology, Irvine, CA

379 Linear Cryocooler Electronics for Tactical Space Missions

B. Pilvelait, C. Cameron, R. Kaszeta, M. Zagarola, Creare LLC, Hanover, NH; and M. Martin, N. Hudson, C. Kirkconnell, West Coast Solutions, Huntington Beach, CA

Brayton Cooler Development

387 Space Exploration Applications for Development of High Capacity Cryocoolers

B.T. Nugent, W.L. Johnson, M.C. Guzik, NASA GRC, Cleveland OH; J.R. Stephens, NASA MSFC, Huntsville, AL

397 Efficiency Improvements for Turbo-Brayton Cryocoolers for Space

M.V. Zagarola, K.J. Cragin, R.W. Hill, J.A. McCormick, Creare LLC, Hanover, NH

405 High Effectiveness Micro-Tube Recuperators for Low-Capacity Turbo Brayton Cryocoolers for Space

A. Niblick, K. Cragin, M. Zagarola, Creare LLC, Hanover, NH

413 Characterization of Woven Copper Mesh as a Heat Transfer Matrix at Low Temperatures

A. Onufrena, T. Koettig, T. Dorau, M.L. Laguna, J. Bremer, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland; T. Tirolien, ESA, Nordwijk, The Netherlands; and H.J.M. Ter Brake, Univ. of Twente, The Netherlands

J-T Cryocooler Development

423 A Neon JT Cooler for Ariel

M. Hills, M. Crook, A. Eagles, G. Gilley, B. Green, S. Kendall, C. Padley, C. Pulker, T. Rawlings, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford, UK

433 Performance Testing of a 2K Joule-Thomson Closed-Cycle Cryocooler

M. Crook, M. Hills, G. Gilley, T. Rawlings, C. Pulker, B. Green, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, UK

443 Experimental and Modeling Results of Mixture Optimization of a Mixed Gas Joule-Thomson Cycle

J. Detlor, J. Pfotenhauer, and G. Nellis, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

453 Optimization of the Counter-Flow Heat Exchangers of Space 2.5 K Hybrid Joule-Thomson Cryocooler

Z.Y. Liu, Y.X. Ma, L.J. Wei, J. Quan, Y.J. Liu, J.T. Liang, Key Lab of Space Energy Conv. Tech., Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing, China

461 Experimental Research on Resonance Characteristics of a High-Efficiency Moving Coil Linear Compressor for J-T Throttle Refrigerator

J. Sun, J. Li, Y. Liu, Z. Huang, N. Wang and J. Cai, Univ.of CAS, Beijing, China and Key Lab of Tech. on Space Energy Conv., Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing, China

469 Experimental Research on Piston Offset and Performance of a High-Efficiency Moving Coil Linear Compressor for J-T Throttle Refrigerator

J. Sun, J. Li, Y. Liu, Z. Huang, N. Wang, J. Cai, Univ. of CAS, Beijing, China and Key Lab. of Tech. on Space Energy Conv., Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing, China

Low-Temp Cryocooler Development

477 Numerical Analysis for the Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator (ADR) Operating between 4.2 K and 2.0 K

D. Kwon, J. Bae, S. Jeong, Cryogenic Engin. Laboratory, Korea Adv. Inst. of Science and Tech., Daejeon, Korea

487 The Development of an Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator (AMRR) for Sub-Kelvin Cooling of Space Science Instrumentation

C.M. Gunderson, G.F. Nellis, F.K. Miller, Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI

497 Hysteresis Heat Generation in Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator Magnets

P.J. Shirron, M.O. Kimball, and R.S. Ottens, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD

505 Millikelvin Cooling by Expansion of 3He in 4He

A.T.A.M. de Waele, Eindhoven Univ. of Tech., Eindhoven, The Netherlands

513 Development of a Gas-Gap Heat Switch for Sub-Kelvin Sorption Coolers

Y.L. Lei, Y.N. Zhao, G.P. Wang, Y.X. Ma, L.J. Wei, J. Quan, M.G. Zhao, G.T. Hong, Key Lab of Tech. on Space Energy Conv., CAS, Beijing, China

519 The Latest Developments in Low-Cost, Low-Power Cooling to below 1 Kelvin

P. McInnes, L.C. Kenny and S.T. Chase, Chase Research Cryogenics Ltd, Sheffield, UK