Cryocoolers 18 Table of Contents

Cryocoolers for 4-40 K Space & Military Applications

1Development of a 4K Pulse-Tube Cold Finger for Space Applications

A. Charrier; I. Charles; B. Rousset; J.-M. Duval, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; C. Daniel, CNES, Toulouse, France

11Mid InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) Cooler Cold Head Assembly Acceptance Testing and Characterization

M. Petach; M. Michaelian; Northrop Grumman Aerospace Sys. (NGAS), Redondo Beach, CA

19Raytheon Low Temperature RSP2 Production Program

B. R. Schaefer; L. Bellis; T. Conrad; D. Bruckman; R. Yates; M. Pillar; M. Barr; Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems, El Segundo, CA

2715K Pulse Tube Cooler for Space Missions

C. Chassaing; J. Butterworth; G. Aigouy; Air Liquide, Sassenage, France;  J.M. Duval; I. Charles; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA INAC-SBT, Grenoble, France; T. Rijks; J.Mullié; Thales Cryogenics, Eindhoven, NL; and M. Linder, European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, NL

33A 30-50 K Dual-Stage Pulse Tube Space Cooler

P. Bruins; J.Mullié; T.Benschop; Thales Cryogenics, Eindhoven, NL; T. Prouvé; I. Charles; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA INAC-SBT, Grenoble, France; and T. Trollier; J. Tanchon; Absolut System SAS, Meylan, France

39Cryocooler with Cold Compressor for Deep Space Applications

T. Nast; J. Olson; P. Champagne; Lockheed Martin STAR, Palo Alto, CA; B. Helvensteijn; E. Roth; J. Maddocks; Madison CryoGroup, Middleton, WI

Micro & Miniature 50-200 K Single-Stage Cryocoolers

45Qualification of Lockheed Martin Micro Pulse Tube Cryocooler to TRL6

T. Nast; E. Roth; J. Olson; P. Champagne; D. Frank; Lockheed Martin STAR, Palo Alto, CA

51Coaxial Pulse Tube Microcryocooler

J.R. Olson; P. Champagne; E.W. Roth; G. B. Kaldas; T. Nast\; Lockheed Martin, Palo Alto, CA; E. Saito; V. Loung; B. S. McCay; Lockheed Martin, Goleta, CA; A.C. Kenton; DCS Corp., Shalimar, FL; C.L. Dobbins, U.S. Army, Redstone Arsenal, AL

59Efficient High Capacity Space Microcooler

D. Durand; E. Tward; G. Toma; T. Nguyen; Northrop Grumman Aerospace Sys. (NGAS), Redondo Beach, CA

65Development of Single Piston Moving Magnet Cryocooler SX020

M. Mai; C. Rosenhagen; I. Ruehlich; AIM Infrarot-Module GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany

73Cobham Microcooler for High Temperature Applications

M. Squire; Cobham Mission Systems, Davenport, IA

79150K - 200K Pulse Tube Cooler for Micro Satellites

C. Chassaing; J. Butterworth; G. Aigouy; A. Gardelein; Air Liquide, Sassenage, France; C. Daniel, Centre Nat’l D’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France; and A. Certain; E. Duvivier STEEL Elect., Martres Tolosane, France

Medium-Capacity 50-80 K Single-Stage Cryocoolers

87AIRS Pulse Tube Coolers Performance Update — Twelve Years in Space

R. Ross, Jr.; D. Johnson; D. Elliott; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA

97High Efficiency Cryocooler Performance

D. Durand; T. Nguyen; E. Tward; Northrop Grumman Aerospace Sys. (NGAS), Redondo Beach, CA

105OCO-2 Cryocooler Development, Integration and Test

A. Na-Nakornpanom; D.L. Johnson; B.J. Naylor; Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA

115Flight Qualification Testing of the Thales LPT9510 Pulse Tube Cooler

D. L. Johnson; I. M. McKinley; J. I. Rodriguez; Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA

125Characterization Testing of the Thales LPT9310 Pulse Tube Cooler

D.L. Johnson; I.M. McKinley; J.I. Rodriguez; H. Tseng; B.A. Carroll; , NASA Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA

135Raytheon Productized High Frequency Cryocooler

T. Conrad; B. Schaefer; R. Yates; L. Bellis; D. Bruckman; Y. Im; M. Pillar; M. Barr; Raytheon SAS, El Segundo, CA

141Thermal Testing of an EM Two Stage Coaxial Pulse Tube Cold Finger for Earth Observation Missions

I. Charles; T. Prouve; E. Ercolani; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; C. Daniel, CNES, Toulouse, France

151Experiment Study of a Coaxial Pulse Tube Cryocooler

A. Zhang; Y. Wu; S. Liu; X. Qu; W. Shen; Shanghai Inst. of Tech. Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

High-Capacity 50-80 K Single-Stage Cryocoolers

155High Capacity and Efficiency Stirling Cycle Cryocooler

L. Penswick; R. Olan; I. Williford; S. Draney and, G. Buchholz; Infinia Tech., Richland, WA

163Study on a High-Power Stirling Cryocooler.

Y. Xu; Y.C. Cai; D.M. Sun; Q. Shen; X. Zhao; J. Zhang; Z.Z. Cheng; Inst. of Refrig. And Cryogenics, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China

169Initial Test of a Stirling Cryocooler with a High Cooling Capacity

G. Y.Yu; W. Dai; L. M. Zhang1; X. W. Li;  Z. H.Wu; J. Y.Xu; E. C. Luo; Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chem., Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China; J. Qiu; B. Liu; H. B. Li; Zhongke Lihan Thermoacoustic Tech. Inc., Shenzhen, China

177Numerical Simulation of a High Power Stirling Cryocooler

Y. C. Cai; Y. Xu; D. M. Sun; Q. Shen; Z. Z. Cheng; X. Zhao; J. Zhang; Inst. of Refrig. and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

185Development of a Diaphragm Stirling Cryocooler

A. Caughley; Callaghan Innovation, Christchurch, NZ; M. Sellier; Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ; A. Tucker; M. Gschwendtner; Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, NZ

195Large Pulse Tube Developments

N. Emery; A. Caughley; M. Nation; Callaghan Innovation, Christchurch, NZ; J. Tanchon, Absolut System SAS, Meylan, France

GM & GM-type Pulse Tube Developments

203Energy Efficient Operation of 4 K Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

C. Wang; A. Beyer; J. Cosco; B. Lichtenwalter; E. Brown; Cryomech, Inc., Syracuse, NY

211Development of 1.5W 4K Two-Stage Pulse Tube Cryocoolers with a Remote Valve Unit

A. Tsuchiya; M. Xu; Tech. Res. Ctr.; Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Tokyo, Japan; X. Lin; H. Takayama; M. Saito; Prec. Equip. Group, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Tokyo, Japan

Pulse Tube Analysis and Experimental Measurements

215Theoretical and Experimental Research on a Two-Cold-Finger Pulse Tube Cooler

H. Wei; M. Zhao; H. Chen; J. Cai; Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chem., Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China

221Comparison of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer for 1D and 2D Models of an In-Line Pulse Tube Refrigerator

K. Martin; C. Dodson; Kirtland AFB, New Mexico; A. Razani, Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM

229Simulation of Thermodynamic Cycles in Linear Type Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

M. Liang; T. Yan; Y. Liu; J. Liang; Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chem., Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China

237Developing a Cylindrical Adjustable Inertance Tube for Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

W. Zhou; J. Pfotenhauer; and G. Nellis, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

245Pressure Ratio Effect to Warm Displacer Type Pulse Tube Refrigerator

S. Zhu; School of Mech. Engr., Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Y. Matsubara, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan

253Parametric Numerical Study of Off-Axis Pulse Tube Losses

T. Mulcahey; S. Ghiaasiaan; M. Pathak; Georgia Tech Cryo Lab, Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA; R.P. Taylor, Virginia Military Inst., Lexington, VA; C. Kirkconnell, Iris Tech., Irvine, CA

Regenerator & Recuperator Investigations

263Graphite Foam as a Cryogenic Heat Exchanger

N. Keltner; T. Mulcahey; S. Ghiaasiaan; Georgia Tech Cryo Lab, Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA

271A Novel Approach to Optimize the 2nd Stage Regenerator Configuration of a 4K Gifford-McMahon Cryocooler

S. Masuyama; Oshima Nat’l College of Maritime Tech., Oshima, Japan; Y. Hiratsuka, Sumitomo Heavy Ind., Tokyo, Japan; and T. Numazawa, Nat’l Inst. for Materials Sci., Tsukuba, Japan

277Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Heat Conductivity in a 4 K Regenerator

M. Xu; Q. Bao; A. Tsuchiya; Tech. Res. Center, Sumitomo Heavy Ind., Tokyo, Japan

283Numerical Analysis of the 4 K Regenerator in a Pulse Tube Cryocooler

Y. Zhao; W. Dai; Y. Chen; X. Wang; E.Luo; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

2914 Kelvin Regenerator Loss Measurements

R. Taylor, Virginia Military Inst., Lexington, VA; M. Lewis; R. Radebaugh, NIST, Boulder, CO

301Optimization Design and Experimental Study on a 2.8W at 80K Stirling Cryocooler Regenerator

Y. Gao; Y.Q. Zhang; W.J. Zhang; 16th Research Inst. of China Elect. Tech. Group Corp., Hefei, China; L.Y. Wang; Z.H. Gan; Inst. of Refrig. and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

309A Numerical Model of Regenerator Based on Lagrange Description

Q. Tang; J. Cai; Y. Liu; H. Chen; Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chem., CAS, Beijing, China

PT & Stirling Compressor Development and Modeling

319Low Frequency Linear Compressors for GM and Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

J. Höhne, Pressure Wave Systems , Munich, Germany

323Characteristics of a VM Type Thermal Compressor for Driving a Pulse Tube Cooler

W. Dai; X. Wang; Y. Zhao; E.Luo; Y.Zhou; Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chem., Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China

PT & Stirling Drive Electronics Development

329Development of a Miniature Cryocooler System for Cubesats

M. J. Ellis; T. T. Luong; L. S. Shaw; J. B. Murphy; E. A. Moody; A. L. Lisiecki; C. S. Kirkconnell, Iris Tech. Corp., Irvine, CA

339Flight Qualification Testing of Cryocooler Electronics

C. S. Kirkconnell; T. T. Luong; L. S. Shaw; R. S. Moore; M. J. Ellis; Iris Tech. Corp., Irvine, CA

351Micro-Size Cryocooler Control Electronics

B. Pilvelait; M. Zagarola; W. Finger; R. Bingham; R. Kaszeta; Creare, Hanover, NH; and J. Olson, Lockheed Martin STAR, Palo Alto, CA

359Developments in Advanced Cooler Drive Electronics

Willems; M. Tops; F. Bots; R. Arts; G. de Jonge; T. Benschop; Thales Cryogenics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and T. Etchanchu, Thales Cryogénie SAS, Blagnac, France

J-T and Sorption Cryocooler Developments

367Analytical Investigation on Joule-Thomson Micro-Cryocoolers

N. Tzabar, Rafael, Haifa, Israel

377Design and Analysis of a 150 K Cascade Joule-Thomson Microcooler

R. Radebaugh; P. Bradley; NIST, Boulder, CO ; C. Coolidge; R. Lewis; and Y.C. Lee; Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO

389Joule-Thomson Cryocoolers Operating with Binary Mixtures

N. Tzabar, Rafael, Haifa, Israel

397Investigation of Visualized Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibria for Pure and Mixed Refrigerant

C. Lee; J. Lee; J. Yoo; S. Jeong; Cryo Engin. Lab, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea; and J. Jung, Energy Sys. R&D Inst., Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engin. Co., Seoul, Korea

407A Numerical Study on Recuperative Finned-Tube Heat Exchangers

N. Tzabar, Rafael, Haifa, Israel

417Design Optimization of Tube-in-Tube Helical Heat Exchanger Used in JT Refrigerator.

Y. Ma; Z. Zhou; J. Wang; Y. Liu; J. Liang; Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chem., Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China

425Switchless Sorption-Compressor Design

Y. Wu; T. Mulder; C.H. Vermeer; H.J. Holland; H.J.M. ter Brake, Univ. of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; B. Benthem; Dutch Space B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands

Brayton Cryocooler Developments

435Ultra Low Power Cryo-Refrigerator for Space Application.

M.V. Zagarola; R.W. Hill; J.R. Gagne; R.W. Kaszeta; Creare, Hanover, NH

445Testing of a Two-Stage 10 K Turbo-Brayton Cryocooler for Space Applications

J. Breedlove; K. Cragin; M. Zagarola; Creare, Hanover, NH

453Testing of a 1 kW-Class Cryogenic Turboalternator.

D. Deserranno; A. Niblick; M. Zagarola; Creare, Hanover, NH

461Exergy Flow in Multistage Cryogenic Refrigerators with Application to Multistage Reverse Brayton Cryocoolers

A. Razani, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; C. Dodson; K. W. Martin; T. Fraser; Spacecraft Component Thermal Res. Group, Kirtland AFB, NM

Sub-Kelvin, Thermoelectric, and Novel Refrigerators

469CFD Simulation of a Thermoacoustic Cooler with RHVT Effect

A. Morales-Peñaloza; A. Sánchez Castillo; ESAp, UAEH, Hidago, México

475Development of the Closed-Cycle Dilution Refrigerator for Space Applications

S. Martin; J. Butterworth; Air Liquide Adv. Tech., Sassenage, France; A. Volpe; G. Vermeulen; P. Camus; S. Triqueneaux; Institut Néel/CNRS, Grenoble, France; S. D’Escrivan, CNES, Toulouse, France; T. Tirolien, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, NL

481Dry Dilution Refrigerator for Experiments on Quantum Effects in the Microwave Regime

A. Marx; J. Hoess; K. Uhlig; Walther-Meißner-Institut, Garching, Germany

487A Cryocooler Driven by Electrochemical Compressors with No Moving Parts

W. Chen; B. Cameron; Creare, Hanover, NH; and S. Narayanan, Univ. of Southern Calif., Los Angeles, CA

497Optimum Cooling Capacity of Two-Stage Thermoelectric Refrigerators Operating at Cryogenic Temperatures

A. Razani, Univ. of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; and C. Dodson; T. Fraser; Spacecraft Component Thermal Res. Group, Kirtland AFB, NM

Liquefaction & Zero-Boil-Off Systems

507Thermo-Fluid Modeling of a Full Scale Liquid Hydrogen Storage System with Integrated Refrigeration

J. Baik, Univ. of Central Florida, Cocoa, FL; W. Notardonato, Cryo Test Lab, Kennedy Space Center, FL; S. Karng; S. Kim; and I. Oh; Korea Inst. of Sci. Tech., Seoul, Korea

517Development of a Small Zero-Loss Hydrogen Liquefaction Plant

N. Garceau; S. Kim; S. Karng; and I. Oh; Korea Inst. of Sci. and Tech., Seoul, Korea; and J. Baik, Florida Solar Energy Center, Univ. of Central Florida, Cocoa, FL

529A Hybrid Cooling System for HTS Devices

Y. Zhang; Y. Zhao; T. Yan; Z. Wang; G. Hong; Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chem., Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China

535Cryogenic Thermal Studies on Cryocooler-Based Helium Circulation System for Gas Cooled Superconducting Power Devices

C. Kim; J. Kim; S. Pamidi; Center for Adv. Power Sys., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL

545A Compact Cold Helium Circulation System with GM Cryocooler

C. Wang; E. Brown; A. Friebel, Cryomech, Syracuse, NY

551Smart Energy Compressors for Helium Liquefiers

C. Chialvo; T. Sayles; J. Diederichs; S. Spagna; Quantum Design, San Diego, CA; and M. Gabal; J. Sesé; and C. Rillo; Univ. de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain

Cryocooler Integration Tech. & Application Lessons

557Ruggedizing Cryogenically Cooled Infrared Detectors

A. Veprik; N. Ashush; B. Shlomovich; Y. Oppenhaim; Y. Gridish; E. Kahanov; A. Koifman; SemiConductor Devices, Haifa, Israel; A.Tuito, Israel Ministry of Def., Tel Aviv,Israel

567Lessons Learned Concerning the Use of 4 K Coolers to Cool LTS Magnets

M. Green, Lawrence Berkeley Nat. Lab., Berkeley, CA

577Development of the Passive Helium Heat Switch for Fast Cool Down Characteristic by Two-Stage Cryocooler

I. Park; D. Yoo; J. Park; S. Jeong; Cryo Engin. Lab, Dept. of Mech. Engin., KAIST, Daejeon, Korea

587Highly-Conductive Graphite Thermal Straps Used in Conjunction with Vibration Isolation Mounts for Cryocoolers

S. Nieczkoski; E. Myers, Tech. Applications, Inc., Boulder, CO

595Development of Cost Effective Cryocoolers for Space

R. Arts; T. Benschop; P. Bruins; T. Rijks; G. de Jonge; Thales Cryogenics BV, Eindhoven, NL; T. Trollier, Absolut System SAS, Meylan, France

Cryocooler Durability Investigations

601The Reliability Development of Miniature Stirling Cryocoolers

X. P. Chen; M. Xia; Kunming Inst. of Physics, Kunming, P.R. China; L. Y. Wang; Z. H. Gan; Inst. of Refrig. and Cryogenics, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, P.R. China

609Air Force Research Laboratory Spacecraft Cryocooler Endurance Evaluation Update

K. W. Martin; T. Fraser, AFRL, Kirtland AFB, NM