Cryocoolers 19 Table of Contents

Hybrid Cryocoolers for 2-10 K Applications

1Mid InfraRed Instrument (MIRI) Cooler Compressor Assembly Characterization

M. Petach, M. Michaelian, T. Nguyen, R. Colbert, J. Mullin, NGAS, Redondo Beach, CA

9Development of a 2 K Joule-Thomson Closed-Cycle Cryocooler

M. Crook, T. Bradshaw, G. Gilley, M. Hills, S. Watson, B. Green, C. Pulker, T. Rawlings, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, UK

2-Stage PT & Hybrid Stirling/PT Coolers for 10-80 K

19Demonstration of Two-Stage Temperature Control for Raytheon Hybrid Cryocoolers

T. Conrad, B. Schaefer, D. Kuo, D. Bruckman, M. Kieffer, R. Yates, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems, El Segundo, CA

25Low Temperature RSP2 Production Cryocooler and Electronics Performance

T. Conrad, B. Schaefer, R. Yates, D. Bruckman, M. Barr, M. Kieffer, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems, El Segundo, CA

35Design on a Two-Stage Stirling/Pulse Tube Hybrid Cryocooler

C.H. Yin, Z.H. Gan, B. Wang, Y.X. Guo, Inst. of Refrig. and Cryogenics, Zhejiang Univ. Hangzhou, China and Key Laboratory of Refrig. and Cryogenic Tech. of Zhejiang Prov., Hangzhou, China

43Engineering Model of a High Power Low Temperature Pulse Tube Cryocooler for Space Application

Y. Pennec, J. Butterworth, G. Coleiro, P. Barbier, S. Martin, P. Crespi, Air Liquide, Sassenage, France; I. Charles, J-M Duval, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA INAC-SBT, Grenoble, France; J. Mullié, G. de Jonge, T. Benschop, Thales Cryogenics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; M. Linder, ESA, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

49Progress on 30K-50K Two-Stage EM PT Cold Finger for Space Applications

T. Prouvé, I. Charles, Univ. Grenoble, Alpes, CEA INAC-SBT, Grenoble, France; H. Leenders, J. Mullié, Thales Cryogenics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; J. Thanchon, T. Trollier, Absolut System, Seyssinet Pariset, France; and T. Tirolien, ESA, Noordwijk, The Netherlands

57Development of a Two-Stage Stirling Type Pulse Tube Cooler with Precooling inside the Pulse Tube

X. Pang, X. Wang, W. Dai, E. Luo, Y. Zhao, Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chem., CAS, Beijing, China

Micro & Miniature 50-200 K Single-Stage Coolers

65Development of Microcryocoolers for Space and Avionics Applications

T. Nast, J. Olson, P. Champagne, E. Roth, E. Saito1, B. McCay, A. Kenton, C. Dobbins, Adv. Tech. Center, Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Palo Alto, CA

75Characterization Testing of Lockheed Martin Standard Micro Pulse Tube Cryocooler

I.M. McKinley, D.L. Johnson, J.I. Rodriguez, NASA JPL, Pasadena, CA

85Miniature Stirling Cryocoolers at Thales Cryogenics: Qualification Results and Integration Solutions

D. Willems, R. Arts, G. de Jonge, J. Mullié, T. Benschop, Thales Cryogenics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

95LPT9310 COTS Cooler for ECOSTRESS

R. Arts, J. Mullié, T. Benschop, Thales Cryogenics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; D.L. Johnson, I.M. McKinley, J.I. Rodriguez, NASA JPL, Pasadena, CA

105Small Scale Cooler: Extending Space Developed Technology into Adjacent Markets

P. Iredale, C.F. Cheuk, N. Hardy, S. Barclay, Honeywell Hymatic, Redditch, UK; M. Crook, G. Gilley, S. Brown, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK

115Overview of Micro-Miniature Stirling Cryocoolers for High Temperature Applications

X.P. Chen, H. Sun, X.L. Nie, Kunming Inst. of Physics, Kunming, China; Z.H. Gan, Cryogenics Lab., Inst. of Refrig. and Cryogenics, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China

121Numerical Investigation of Environmental Temperature on Performance of Integral Crank Driven Stirling Cryocooler

Y.J. Hong, J. Ko, H.B. Kim, S.J. Park, Korea Inst.of Mach.& Mat'ls, Daejeon, Korea

129Global Vibration Control of Split Stirling Linear Cryogenic Cooler

A, Veprik, SemiConductor Devices, Haifa, Israel; and A. Tuito, Israel Ministry of Defense, Tel Aviv, Israel

Medium to High Capacity 50-150 K 1-Stage Coolers

141Raytheon High-Frequency Pulse Tube Cryocooler Testing

T. Conrad, R. Yates, B. Schaefer, D. Kuo, M. Barr, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems, El Segundo, CA

147Qualification of a European Large Pulse Tube Cooler System for Space Applications

T. Wiertz, J. Urbano, Air Liquide Adv. Tech., Sassenage, France

155LPT6510 Pulse Tube Cooler for 60-150 K Applications

R. Arts, J. Mullié, Thales Cryogenics, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; J. Tanchon, T. Trollier, Absolut System, Seyssinet-Pariset, France

161Status of AIM Space Cryocoolers

M. Mai, S. Zehner, A. Withopf, I. Ruehlich, AIM Infrarot Module, Heilbronn, Germany

1715W at 77K without Breaking the Bank

D. Wilcox, B. Rock, P. Spoor, J. Corey, Chart Industries - Qdrive, Troy, NY

177Progress in Development of High Capacity Stirling Cryocooler Using a Linear Compressor

J. Ko, H. Yeom, Y.J. Hong, H. Kim, S. In, S.J. Park, Korea Inst. of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon, Korea

Pulse Tube Analysis & Experimental Measurements

183Investigation of Gravitational Effects in Pulse Tube Cryocoolers Using 3-D CFD Simulations

T. Fang, M.D. Perrella and S.M. Ghiaasiaan, Georgia Tech Cryo Lab, Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA; T.I. Mulcahey, CSA Medical Inc., Lexington, MA; P.S. Spoor, Chart Inc., Troy, NY; and T.J. Conrad, Raytheon S&AS., El Segundo, CA

193Electric-Mechanical-Acoustic Coupling Characteristics for Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

L.Y. Wang, Z.H. Gan, Y.X. Guo, B. Wang, S.H. Wang, Inst. of Refrig. and Cryogenics, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China and Key Laboratory of Refrig. and Cryogenic Tech. of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China

201Passive Mechanical Device for Phase Shifting in a Pulse Tube Cryocooler

D. Radchenko, Ricor Cryogenic and Vacuum Sys., Ein Harod Ihud, Israel

211Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Pulse Tube Refrigerator with an Active Phase Controller

S. Yang, Y.N. Wu, Z.P. Zhou, Z.H. Jiang, A.K. Zhang, Shanghai Inst. of Tech. Physics, CAS, Shanghai, China

219Diaphragm-Type Mechanism for Passive Phase Shifting in Miniature PT Cryocooler

S. Sobol, G. Grossman, Technion, Israel Inst. of Tech., Haifa, Israel

229Recent Progress with an Adjustable Inertance Tube

W. Zhou, J.M. Pfotenhauer, G.F. Nellis, Univ.of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

235Experimental Investigation of Piston-Free Expander Accompanied by Cold Linear Compressor

J. Park, S. Jeong, Korea Adv. Inst.of Science and Tech., Daejeon, Korea

245Cascading Three Pulse Tube Coolers with Work Recovery

L.Y. Wang, Z.H. Gan, Q.Y. Zhao, Z.Y. Jin, Y.R. Song, Inst.of Refrig.and Cryogenics, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China and Key Laboratory of Refrig. and Cryogenic Tech.¶of Zhejiang Prov., Hangzhou, China

253Gas Spring Effect In a Displacer Pulse Tube Refrigerator

S. Zhu, Shanghai Key Lab of Vehicle Aerodynamics and Vehicle Thermal Management Systems, Tongji Univ., Shanghai, China

GM & GM-type Pulse Tube Cooler Developments

261Smart Energy Compact Chiller for Helium Compressors

J. Gardiner, T. Sayles, K. Knight, J. Diederichs, J. Sloan, S. Spagna, Quantum Design, San Diego, CA

269Dry Compact 1 kW Compressor for GM and Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

J. Höhne, Pressure Wave Systems, Munich, Germany

273Testing of a Closed-Cycle Cryocooler Compressor for Deployment Aboard SOFIA Aircraft

S. Rosner, SETI Inst. Mountain View, CA; B. Helvensteijn, A. Kashani, L. Hofland, J. Wang, F. Pichay, R. Rowan, A. Gee, J. Brown, MEI Co., Moffett Field, CA; and C. Risacher, Max Planck Inst. für Radioastronomie (MPIfR), Bonn, Germany

281A Low Maintenance and Vibration 4 K GM Cryo-Refrigerator with Independent Variable Speed and Valve Timing

D. Snow, J. Lawton, R. Taff, J. Diederichs, J. Gardiner, M.B. Simmonds, J. Hamilton, S. Spagna, Quantum Design, San Diego, CA

291Development Status of a High Cooling Capacity Single Stage GM Cryocooler

Q. Bao, M. Xu, Tech. Research Center, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Tokyo, Japan; K. Yamada, Precision Equipment Group, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Tokyo, Japan

299A 4 K Pulse Tube Cryocooler with Large Cooling Capacity

C. Wang, Cryomech, Inc., Syracuse, NY

307A Double Pipe Regenerator for a 4K Gifford-McMahon Cryocooler

S. Masuyama, Nat'l Inst. of Tech., Oshima College, Oshima, Japan; T. Numazawa, Nat'l Inst. for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan

Regenerator & Recuperator Investigations

313Size and Composition Optimization of ErxHo1-xN Regenerators for 4K-GM Cryocoolers

T. Nakagawa, T. Miyauchi, T. Shiraishi, K. Shoda, T.A. Yamamoto, Y. Fujimoto, Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan; S. Maysuyama, National Inst. of Tech., Oshima College, Oshima, Japan

319Real Gas Effects on the COP of Regenerators Working at Low Temperatures

Q. Cao, Inst. of Refrig. and Cryogenics, School of Mech. Engin., Tongji Univ., Shanghai, China

325Periodic Flow Hydrodynamic Resistance Parameters for Multiple Regenerator Filler Materials at Cryogenic Temperatures

M.D. Perrella, S.M. Ghiaasiaan, Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA

333Heat Capacity Characterization of a 4 K Regenerator with non-Rare Earth Material

W. Chen, M. Jaeger, K. Rule, Creare, Hanover, NH

PT & Stirling Drive Electronics Development

343James Webb Space Telescope Mid Infra-Red Instrument Cryocooler Electronics

D. Harvey, T. Flowers, N. Liu, K. Moore, D. Tran, P. Valenzuela, NGAS, Redondo Beach, CA; and B. Franklin, D. Michaels, NASA JPL, Pasadena, CA

353Challenges in Electronics Design and Qualification for Earth Observation Pulse Tube Space Cryocoolers

A. Gardelein, R. Gary, T. Wiertz, Air Liquide Adv. Tech., Sassenage, France; L. Fontani, SITAEL, Pisa, Italy

361Characterization Testing of Iris Cryocooler Electronics

K. Frohling, Iris Technology Corp., Irvine, CA

J-T and Sorption Cryocooler Developments

369JT Micro Compressor Test Results

J.R. Olson, P. Champagne, E. Roth, T. Nast, Advanced Technology Center, Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Palo Alto, CA

377Preliminary Experimental Study on a Precooled JT Cryocooler Working at 4 K - Open Cycle

D.L. Liu, Z.H. Gan, X. Tao, Y.F. Yao, W.K. Pan, L.M. Qiu, Inst. of Refrig. and Cryogenics, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China and Key Laboratory of Refrig. and Cryogenic Tech. of Zhejiang Prov., Hangzhou, China

385Development of Cascade Non-Flammable Mixed Refrigerant Joule-Thomson Refrigerator for 100 K

C. Lee, J. Yoo, L. Jin, J. Cha, S. Jeong, Cryogenic Engin. Laboratory, Korea Adv. Inst. of Science and Tech., Daejeon, Korea

395Investigation of the Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristic for Non- Flammable Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant

J. Yoo, L. Jin, C. Lee, S. Jeong, Cryogenic Engin. Laboratory, Korea Adv. Inst. of Science and Tech., Daejeon, Korea

405Experimental Verification of a Numerical Model for Predicting the Adsorption of Mixed Gases

N. Tzabar, H.J. Holland, C.H. Vermeer, H.J.M. ter Brake, Univ. of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

413Cooling Temperature of Binary Mixed Refrigerants: Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium versus Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium

N. Tzabar, H.J.M. ter Brake, Univ. of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

419High-Efficiency Joule-Thomson Cryocoolers Incorporating an Ejector

H.S. Cao, S. Vanapalli, H.J. Holland, C.H. Vermeer, T. Tirolien, H.J.M. ter Brake, Univ. of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

427Design of Miniature Bellow in a Conceptual Joule-Thomson Cooler

F. Can, A. Erdogmus, M. Baki, Dept. of Mechanical Design, ASELSAN Inc, Ankara, Turkey; and M. Aktas, M. Güler, Dept. of Mech. Engin., TOBB Univ., Ankara, Turkey

Brayton Cryocooler Developments

437A Turbo-Brayton Cryocooler for Future European Observation Satellite Generation

J. Tanchon, J. Lacapere, Absolut System SAS, Seyssinet-Pariset, France; A. Molyneaux, M. Harris, S. Hill, S.M. Abu-Sharkh, Ofttech, Gloucester, UK; and T. Tirolien, ESA, Nordwijk, The Netherlands

447Performance Testing of a High Effectiveness Recuperator for High Capacity Turbo-Brayton Cryocoolers

D. Deserranno, M. Zagarola, Creare, Hanover, NH; D. Craig, R. Garehan, T. Giglio, J. Smith, Mezzo Tech., Baton Rouge, LA; and J. Sanders, M. Day, Edare, Lebanon, NH

455Performance Testing of a High Capacity Compressor for a 20K 20W Cryocooler

K. Cragin, D. Deserranno, M. Zagarola, Creare, Hanover, NH

463Modified Brayton Refrigeration Cycles for Liquid Hydrogen in Spallation Neutron Source Moderator

H.-M. Chang, S.G. Kim, Hong Ik Univ., Seoul, Korea; J.G. Weisend II, European Spallation Source, Lund, Sweden; H. Quack, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany

471Characterization of Emitted Vibration from Turbo-Brayton Cryocoolers

K. Cragin, K. Rule, M. Zagarola, Creare, Hanover, NH

Sub-Kelvin, Magnetic, and Novel Refrigerators

479Development of a 3-Stage ADR for Space including CCA 50 mK Characterization

D.A. Paixao Brasiliano, J-M. Duval, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INAC-SBT, Grenoble, France; N. Luchier,CEA, INAC-SBT, Grenoble, France; S. D’Escrivan, J. André, CNES, Toulouse, France

487Qualification Program of the Engineering Model of the 50 mK Hybrid Sorption-ADR Cooler

L. Duband, J.M. Duval, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA INAC-SBT, Grenoble, France

495Performance Analysis of an Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator for 20 K

I. Park, S. Jeong, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea

Cryocooler Integration and Application Lessons

505Improved Power Efficiency for Cryogenics at the Very Large Array

D. Urbain, W. Grammer, G. Peck, J. Jackson, S. Durand, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, New Mexico

513Integrated Refrigeration and Storage for Advanced Liquid Hydrogen Operations

A.M. Swanger, W.U. Notardonato, NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cryogenics Test Lab; W.L. Johnson, NASA GRC, Cleveland, OH

523Cryocooler-Based Helium Recovery Plant for Applications Requiring Gas or Liquid with Extreme Purity

M. Gabal, C. Rillo, ICMA (CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza), Zaragoza, Spain; J. Sesé, INA, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; and J. Diederichs, G. Rayner, S. Spagna, Quantum Design, San Diego, CA

529Design of Cryogenic Helium Gas Circulation with Multiple Cryocoolers for Superconducting Power Devices

N.G. Suttell, J. Ordonez, S. Pamidi, FAMU-FSU College of Engin., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL; C.H. Kim, Center for Adv. Power Sys., Tallahassee, FL

537Connecting Coolers to Superconducting Magnets with a Thermal-Siphon Cooling Loop

M.A. Green, FRIB Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA

54720 K Cryogenic Helium Forced Flow Circulation Loop

T. Trollier, A. Ravex, J. Tanchon, J. Lacapere, Absolut System, Seyssinet-Pariset, France

557In-Space Cryogenic Propellant Storage Applications for a 20W at 20K Cryocooler

D.W. Plachta, M.C. Guzik, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; J.R. Feller, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA

567Integrated Cryocooler Assemblies for Miniature Satellite Applications

A. Burkic and R. Little, Iris Tech. Corp., Irvine, CA

575Design of a Flight Like Cryostat for 30-50K Two-Stage Pulse Tube Cooler Integration

J. Tanchon, T. Trollier, P. Renaud, Absolut System, Seyssinet Pariset, France; J. Mullié, H. Leenders, Thales Cryogenics, Eindhoven, NL; T. Prouvé, I. Charles, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA INAC-SBT, Grenoble, France; T. Tirolien, ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, NL

585Design of Superconducting Gravity Gradiometer Cryogenic System for Mars Mission

X. Li, F.G. Lemoine, P. Shirron, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD; H. Paik, C. Griggs, M. Moody, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD; M. Zagarola, Creare, Hanover, NH; S.C. Han, Univ. of Newcastle, Australia

595Flexible Thermal Link Assembly Solutions for Space Applications

T. Trollier, J. Tanchon, J. Lacapere, P. Renaud, J.C. Rey, A. Ravex, Absolut System, Seyssinet-Pariset, France

605The Measurement of RRR and Resistance for Aluminum Alloy Based on a Cryocooler

C.H. Yin, Z.H. Gan, S.H. Wang, D.L. Liu, L.M. Qiu, Inst. of Refrig. and Cryogenics, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou, China and Key Laboratory of Refrig. and Cryogenic Tech. of Zhejiang Prov., Hangzhou, China

Cryocooler Durability Investigations

613Lifetime Test and Heritage On-Orbit of SHI Coolers for Space Use

K. Narasaki, S. Tsunematsu, K. Otsuka, K. Kanao, A. Okabayashi, S. Yoshida, Sumitomo Heavy Ind., Niihama, Japan; H. Sugita, Y. Sato, T. Nishibori, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan; and K. Mitsuda, T. Nakagawa, JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan

623Results from a Year of Running a 12 L Per Hour Pulse Tube Liquefier in an Industrial Application

A. Caughley, N. Emery, M. Nation, A. Kimber, Callaghan Innovation, Christchurch, NZ; H. Reynolds, C. Boyle, J. Meier, Fabrum Solutions, Christchurch, NZ; J Tanchon, Absolut Systems, Seyssinet-Pariset, France

631Quantifying Cryocooler Contamination

P.S. Spoor, Chart Industries, Troy, NY

639Reliability Evaluation of Stirling Cryocooler for an Electric Vehicle High Temperature Superconducting Motor System

K. Yumoto, K. Nakano, Y. Hirat, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Tokyo, Japan