Cryocoolers 23 Table of Contents

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Aerospace Applications

1 Overview of First Two Years of JWST MIRI Cryocooler On-Orbit Performance

K. Penanen, M. Weilert, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Calif. Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA

9 Landsat 8 & 9 TIRS Instrument Cryocooler On-Orbit Performance and Long-Term Trending

R. Boyle, T. Muench, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD; R. Taylor, B. Buchholtz, D. Glaister, Y. Kim, D. Back, J. Masciarelli, BAE Systems, Boulder, CO

17 The Black Hole Explorer: Mission Overview and Instrument Cryocooling

H. Rana, P. Grimes, E. Tong, J. Houston, R. Baturin, M.D. Johnson, Harvard-Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA; D.P. Marrone, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; K. Akiyama, NAOJ, Japan

23 Cryocooler Technology Opportunities within Space Exploration

B.T. Nugent, W.L. Johnson, R.J. Grotenrath, NASA GRC, Cleveland, OH; J.R. Stephens, S.M. Kenny, NASA MSFC, Huntsville, AL

33 Selection Considerations Between Active Cryocoolers and Passive Radiative Coolers for Space Instrument Applications

W. Chen, I. McKinley, B. Moore, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Calif. Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA

45 Cryogenics Margin and Uncertainty Philosophy for Spacecrafts: the ESA perspective

T. Tirolien, M. Branco, P. Henriot, ESA-ESTEC, Noordwik, The Netherlands

Stirling & PT Cooler Development

57 Reliability Enhancement of the Double-Stage Stirling Cooler for Space Science Missions

H. Tanaka, K. Shinozaki, N. Yamasaki, T. Nakagawa, K. Narazaki, JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan; Y. Sato, K. Tanaka, H. Sugita, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan; K. Mitsuda, NAOJ, Tokyo, Japan; S. Tsunematsu, Sumimec Engineering, Niihama, Japan; K. Ootsuka, K. Kanao, SHI, N

63 Thermal Performance Mapping and Temperature Stability Testing of the Thales LPT9310-HP

C.D. Hummel, I.M. McKinley, B.W. Mueller, J.I. Rodriguez, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

73 Characterization of SWaP Rotary Coolers for Space Application

C. Vasse, S.D. Venzal, E. Durupt, Thales, France; L. Marelli, J. Andre, D. Gervaud, CNES, Toulouse, France

81 BAE Kodiak Cryocooler System Design, Development, Qualification and Performance

R. Taylor, B. Buchholtz, D. Glaister, Y. Kim, A. Contreras, D. Oenes, BAE Systems, Boulder, CO; C. Fralick, D. Mansfield, Sunpower, Athens, OH

89 Design of a Low-Noise High-Frequency Miniature Pulse Tube Cooler for Space Applications

J. Mullié, D. Willems, Thales Cryogenics B.V., The Netherlands; T. Hurot, K. Blyth, P. Rigout, Absolut System SAS, Eybens, France

97 Development and Testing of a Miniaturized Pulse Tube Cryocooler for Ground and Space Applications

T. Hurot, Y. Icart, Absolut System, France; J.C. Terme, Lynred, France; G. Aubry, HGH, France

105 Development of a Micro Pulse Tube Cryocooler for HOT Applications

T.S. Feng, G.Y. Li, Y.H. Zhang, M.L. Liang, Q.J. Tang, H.L. Chen, Y.Q. Xun, J.T. Liang, Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chem., CAS, Beijing, China

111 High Frequency Pulse Tube Cooler for Quantum Technologies

T. Prouvé, T. Latella, J.M. Duval, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, DSBT, France; S. Dang, Absolut System, France; R. Gourgues, Single Quantum, The Netherlands

119 Progress in Developing a 20 K Thermally-Coupled Two-Stage Stirling Type Pulse Tube Cooler with Independent Warm Dual-Opposed Displacers

X.P. Ding, Z.K. Li, X.T. Wang, Tech Inst of Physics and Chem, CAS, Beijing, China; W. Dai, Univ. of CAS, Beijing, China; Y.B. Zhang, H.B. Li, Lihan Cryogenics, Shenzhen, China

127 Development of 15K Two-Stage Stirling-Type Pulse Tube Cryocooler: Performance Test Results of Prototype Two-Stage Expander

Y. Hiratsuka, K. Otsuka, A. Yasuda, K. Kanao, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Japan; K. Narasaki, National Inst. of Tech., Japan

133 A Duplex Stirling Cryocooler with a Flexible Acoustic Resonator

G.Y. Yu, H.Y. Ma, H.J. Sun, W. Dai, Tech. Inst. of Physics and Chem., CAS, Beijing, China

PT & Stirling Modeling & Experiments

141 Lockheed Martin Remote Cooling for the Cryogenic Demonstration Mission

D. Frank, E. Roth, H. Yengoyan, Lockheed Martin Space, Palo Alto, CA; E. Kaitfors, Lockheed Martin Space, Louisville, CO

147 Split Multi-Stage Pulse Tube Cryocooler Cold Head for Remote Cooling

J.R. Olson, E. Roth, H. Yengoyan, S. Ham, L. Osborne, Lockheed Martin Space ATC, Palo Alto CA

155 Comparison of Three Methods for Oscillating Flow Measurements in Cryocoolers

R. Snodgrass, V. Kotsubo, J. Ullom, NIST, Boulder, CO, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO

165 Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Miniature Pulse Tube Cryocoolers

R. Kumar, J.G. Korvink, J.J. Brandner, Karlsruhe Inst. of Tech., Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

171 Conceptual Design of a Small-Scale Travelling-Wave Thermoacoustic Stirling Cryocooler

H. Butson, M. Gschwendtner, Auckland Univ. of Tech., Auckland, New Zealand; A. Caughley, Callaghan Innovation, Christchurch, NZ; R. Badcock, H. Weijers, G. Lumsden, Paihau-Robinson Res. Inst., Lower Hutt, NZ

GM & GM-type PT & Stirling Development

179 Development of a Compact Size 2 K Two-Stage Pulse Tube Cryocooler

X. Hao, J. Cosco, B. Zerkle, R. Dausman, Bluefors, Syracuse, NY

185 Achievement of 120 W at 80 K by Synchronous Operation of Two Single-Stage G-M Cold Heads Driven by a 2kW-Class Compressor

S. Masuyama, NIT, Oshima College, Yamaguchi, Japan; K. Natsume, K. Kamiya, and T. Numazawa, NIMS, Ibaraki, Japan

193 Enhancing Low-Frequency Stirling Cryocooler Efficiency with Linear Metal Bellows Compressors

J. Hoehne, Pressure Wave Systems, Taufkirchen, Germany

197 3D-CFD Simulations of a Two-Stage GM Cryocooler

L. Shen, N. Kozomora, P. Moran, M. Salvetti, Edwards Vacuum Ltd., Haverhill, MA

Regenerator & Recuperator Investigations

207 Temperature Profiles in Regenerators with Thermal Break Slots

T.W. Steiner, Etalim Inc., Burnaby BC, Canada

217 Computational Investigation of Idealized Heat Capacity Materials for Low Cost Stirling High-Frequency Low-Temperature Regenerators

N. Rich, M. Petach, D. Durand, Northrop Grumman, Redondo Beach, CA; R. Snodgrass, NIST, Boulder, CO

229 Heat Capacity and the Coefficient of Performance in 4-Kelvin Regenerators

V. Kotsubo, R. Snodgrass, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO

JT, Sorption & Electrochemical Cryocoolers

237 Experimental Validation of Two-Phase Recuperation Heat Transfer in Precooled MR J-T Systems

Z. Rogala, A. Kwiatkowski, B. Baran, Z. Malecha,Wroclaw Univ. of Science and Tech., Wroclaw, Poland

247 Novel Modelling Approach for Optimization of MR J-T Cryocoolers

Z.Rogala, A.Kwiatkowski, Wroclaw Univ. of Science and Tech., Wroclaw, Poland

253 Method for Continuous, Non-Invasive Measurement of Mixture Composition in Mixed Refrigerant Joule-Thomson Cryocooler

A.Kwiatkowski, Z.Rogala, J. Polinski, Wroclaw Univ. of Science and Tech., Wroclaw, Poland

259 Closed Cycle Mixed-Refrigerant Joule-Thomson Cryocooler for Laboratory Applications

N. Tzabar, CryoR - Cryogenics Research, Lavon, Israel

265 Development of 5 K Sorption J-T Cooler with Thin-Plate Type Sorption Compressor

J. Bae, D. Kwon, S. Jeong, Korea Adv. Inst. of Science and Tech. (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea

273 Development and Testing of a Lab-Scale Electrochemical Refrigerator

D.J. Hollibaugh, W.U. Notardonato, M. White, Eta Space, Rockledge, FL; A.M. Swanger, J.E. Foroosh, NASA KSC, Cape Canaveral, FL; J. Baik, Meta Vista, Orlando, FL

279 An Experimental Study of Neon Compression in a Helium Scroll Compressor

J.W. Reightler, S. Dunn, Sumitomo (SHI) Cryogenics of America, Allentown, PA

Brayton Cryocoolers

287 Progress on Ultra-Miniature 4 K Turbines for Low Temperature Turbo-Brayton Cryocoolers

K.J. Cragin, M.V. Zagarola, J.A. McCormick, R. Hill, D. Moore, Creare LLC, Hanover, NH

297 Testing of a High-Capacity 90 K Turbo-Brayton Cryocooler

K.J. Cragin, A.L. Niblick, M.V. Zagarola, J.A. McCormick, Creare LLC, Hanover, NH

307 Development of Control Electronics for a High-Capacity 90 K Turbo-Brayton Cryocooler

S.D. Phillips, R.W. Kaszeta, C.B. Cameron, M.V. Zagarola, Creare LLC, Hanover, NH; J.B. Murphy, R.C. Hon, B.K. Nghe, J.M. Baxter, N.A. Hudson, West Coast Solutions, Huntington Beach, CA

317 Cryocooler Development for Superconducting Applications

L. Terrien, A. Gilson, G. Bouvier, S. Bigeard, F. Geneau, R. Garayoa, Absolut System, Eybens, France

Sub-Kelvin and Novel Cryocooler Developments

323 5-Stage ADR Cooler for the Athena Space Mission: Design and Preliminary Characterization

J.M. Duval, F. Bancel, I. Charles, J.L. Durand, A. Léon, J. Lizion, C. Marin, S. Martin, T. Prouvé, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, Grenoble, France

333 Performance Enhancement of the Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator (ADR) with an Integrated Sorption Cooler

D. Kwon, J. Bae, S. Jeong, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea

341 N2 Continuous Sublimation Cooling

C.B. Kreft, S.E. Therein, J.M. Pfotenhauer, F.K. Miller, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI

Regenerative Cryocooler Drive and Control Electronics

349 Cryocooler and Control Electronics for the Psyche Gamma-Ray Spectrometer

J.O. Goldsten, Johns Hopkins Univ. APL, Laurel, MD

359 Cryocooler Control Electronics for the EXoplanet Climate Infrared TElescope (EXCITE)

C.S. Kirkconnell, J.M. Baxter, N.A. Hudson, T. Smith, R.C. Hon, West Coast Solutions, Huntington Beach, CA; R.W. Kaszeta, J.F. Gregoire, Creare, Hanover, NH; P.C. Nagler, S. Maher, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD; G. Tucker, A. Kleyheeg, Brown Univ., Providence, RI

369 Even More Cooling: Iris Technology’s New CCE Offerings

R.B. Victoria, K.D. Frohling, K.K. Trengove, A.T. Lee, M.A. Calles, Iris Tech., Irvine, CA

375 Performance Testing of the West Coast Solutions C3E and the Northrop Grumman MiniCooler Plus (MCP) for Spaceflight Missions

J.M. Baxter, C.S. Kirkconnell, West Coast Solutions, Huntington Beach, CA

381 Streamlining System Integration Times with CCE Pre-Integration

K.D. Frohling, A.T. Lee, M.A. Calles, R.B. Victoria, K.T. Malenfant, Iris Technology, Irvine, CA

Cryocooler Integration Technologies

389 Passive Cryogenic Thermal Switch with Tunable Close Temperature for Redundant Cryocooler Systems

M. Ralphs, M. Sinfield, M. Jensen, M. Felt, Space Dynamics Laboratory, North Logan, UT

395 Investigations of the Gravity Dependence of Large-Scale Helium Pulsating Heat Pipes

L. Kossel, J. Pfotenhauer, F. Miller, Univ. of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI

403 Progress with Nitrogen Pulsating Heat Pipes with Varying Number of Turns

Z. Jiang, J. Pfotenhauer, F. Miller, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI

409 Evaluation of Helium Circulators for Remote Cooling

J.A. Koch, S.K. Gandla, S. Dunn, Sumitomo Cryogenics, Allentown, PA

417 10K Remote Helium Cooling Loop for C400 Carbon Ion Cyclotron Application

P. Hillière, B. Taglang, D. Mascaux, E. Rehayem, T. Trollier, Absolut System SAS, France; A. Ravex, Cryoconsult, France; L. Maunoury, J. Festy, Normandy Hadrontherapy, France

425 Magnetic Tuned Dynamic Counterbalancer for Low SWAP Stirling Cryocooler

A. Veprik, D. Cohen, S. Kurucz, L. Bunin, Cryotech, Ein Harod Meuhad, Israel; V. Babitsky, Loughborough Univ., UK

Cryocooler System Applications

435 Proof-of-Concept Testing for Integrating a Stationary Cryocooler into the Rotor of a Superconducting Motor

A.J. Caughley, N. Allpress, L. Le Ngoc, Callaghan Innovation, Christchurch, NZ; G. Lumsden, N. Rogers-Rehn, Robinson Res. Inst., Wellington, NZ; M. Gschwendtner, AUT Univ., Auckland, NZ; S. Jeong, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea

445 Thermalization of 3 kA Current Leads through a Remote Cooling Loop Using a Single-Stage Cryocooler

W. Gluchowska, B. Curé, A. Durarev, M. Mentink CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland; M. Chorowski, Wroclaw Univ. of Sci. and Tech., Wroclaw, Poland

455 Mechanical Test Bench for Material Engineering and Testing in the 20K Region

M. Davaine, S. Falque, B. Tradotti, Y. Odievre, T. Trollier, Absolut System, France

463 Customized Hydrogen Liquefier System for Applications up to 50 kg per Day

Y. Maaizi, A. Gilson, S. Bigeard, J. Berindei, T. Cornali, T. Quere, C. Muru, F. Geneau, and J. Lacapere, Absolut System, France

469 Influence of Process Parameters on Transient Performance of MR J-T Used in Cryochamber

A. Kwiatkowski, Z. Rogala, Wroclaw Univ. of Science and Tech., Wroclaw, Poland; P. Pawlowicz, Cryo-Science, Bielany Wroclawskie, Poland

475 Parametric Design Study of Graded Heat Exchanger for Thermal Management of Superconducting and Other Devices on Liquid-Hydrogen-Fueled Electric Aircraft

J. Rijs, Univ. of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; C.H. Kim, P. Cheetham, W. Guo, J.C. Ordonez, S.V. Pamid, Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL